{ "schema_version": 2, "title": "Bavli loci — witness-backed index", "description": "Curated passages with witness_delta: plain-English notes on Vilna vs manuscripts (for readers who do not read Hebrew).", "denial_scale": { "0": "Fully present / uncensored in target layer", "1": "Euphemism or minor alteration", "2": "Partial omission or disputed restoration", "3": "Removed or heavily censored in Vilna-era print" }, "tradition_status": { "ikkar": "Presented as settled halacha or consensus", "machloket": "Explicit dispute between authorities in the text", "maaseh": "Reported event / baraita / narrative in the record", "aggadah": "Homiletical or non-legal teaching" }, "loci": [ { "id": "sanhedrin-43a-yeshu-trial", "ref": "Sanhedrin.43a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Baraita on trial and execution of Yeshu ha-Notzri", "he": "ברaita על דין ותליית יֵשׁוּ הַנּוֹצְרִי" }, "tradition_status": "maaseh", "tradition_note": "Historical-legal baraita inside a mesis/sanhedrin sugya. Gemara argues whether he had zechut — not Jewish creed about Christianity.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "יֵשׁוּ", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich Cod. hebr. 95", "Bomberg Venice" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)", "many pre-digital editions" ] }, "sources": [ { "label": "Instone-Brewer — Jesus' Trial in the Uncensored Talmud", "url": "https://tyndalebulletin.org/article/29322-jesus-of-nazareth-s-trial-in-the-uncensored-talmud/" } ], "related_refs": [ "Sanhedrin.67a", "Gittin.57a" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "historical_narrative", "interfaith" ], "english_summary": "Trial and execution of Yeshu (Jesus). The gemara asks whether he might have deserved acquittal (had zechut / merit) — a legal argument inside a mesis case, not church doctrine about whether Jesus was OK.", "english_keywords": [ "jesus", "yeshu", "christ", "trial", "execution", "merit", "innocent", "acquittal", "ok", "righteous", "zechut", "mesis", "censored", "notzri" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "The baraita naming Yeshu ha-Notzri and describing his trial and execution was omitted entirely from the standard Vilna Shas and many pre-modern printings.", "witness_reading": "Munich 95 and Bomberg retain a baraita: Yeshu ha-Notzri was hanged on the eve of Passover; the gemara then asks whether he might have had zechut (legal merit) for acquittal — a procedural question inside the laws of mesis (enticer), not a creed about Christianity.", "plain_english": "The Talmud records a trial-and-execution narrative about a figure called Yeshu the Nazarene, then debates whether the court could have acquitted him on technical grounds. Jewish tradition treats this as a legal-historical report in context, not as normative theology about Jesus.", "sefaria_trust": "medium", "sefaria_note": "Sefaria’s Hebrew gemara often restores this passage; English may paraphrase softly. Compare their text to this build and to Instone-Brewer." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Sanhedrin.43a", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "״וּבְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עָשׂוּ כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה ה׳ אֶת מֹשֶׁה״. אֶלָּא מֵעַתָּה: ״וַיִּרְגְּמוּ אֹתוֹ אָבֶן״ מַאי עָבְדִי לֵיהּ? הָהוּא מִבְּעֵי לֵיהּ לְכִדְתַנְיָא: ״וַיִּרְגְּמוּ אֹתוֹ בָּאָבֶן״ – ״אֹתוֹ״ וְלֹא בִּכְסוּתוֹ, ״אָבֶן״ שֶׁאִם מֵת" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "sanhedrin-67a-ben-stada", "ref": "Sanhedrin.67a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "ben Stada / ben Pandera — mesis execution report", "he": "בן סטada / בן פndera — מעשה במesis" }, "tradition_status": "maaseh", "tradition_note": "Illustrative case in mesis procedure; amoraic wordplay on names — narrative within halachic framework.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "סָטָדָא", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Sanhedrin.43a", "Shabbat.104b" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "historical_narrative" ], "english_summary": "Ben Stada / ben Pandera — reported execution of a mesis (enticer). Names linked in tradition to Yeshu passages elsewhere.", "english_keywords": [ "jesus", "stada", "pandera", "mesis", "execution", "sorcery", "censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Passage linking ben Stada / ben Pandera to execution for mesis was cut from Vilna-era print.", "witness_reading": "Manuscripts report the execution of ben Stada from Lud; amoraic discussion plays on the names ben Stada and ben Pandera — traditionally cross-read with Yeshu loci.", "plain_english": "A reported capital case for ‘enticing’ (mesis), with wordplay on names later linked in rabbinic literature to the same figure cluster as Sanhedrin 43a.", "sefaria_trust": "medium", "sefaria_note": "Restoration varies by layer; read English alongside Munich-based Hebrew here." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Sanhedrin.67a", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "סִימָנָא בְּעָלְמָא. מַתְנִי׳ הַמֵּסִית – זֶה הֶדְיוֹט, וְהַמֵּסִית אֶת הַהֶדְיוֹט. אָמַר: יֵשׁ יִרְאָה בְּמָקוֹם פְּלוֹנִי, כָּךְ אוֹכֶלֶת, כָּךְ שׁוֹתֶה, כָּךְ מְטִיבָה, כָּךְ מְרֵיעָה. כׇּל חַיָּיבֵי מִיתוֹת שֶׁבְּתוֹרָה, אֵין מַכְמִינִי" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "gittin-57a-yeshu-gehinnom", "ref": "Gittin.57a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Yeshu ha-Notzri in Gehinnom / Onkelos necromancy narrative", "he": "יֵשׁוּ הַנּוֹצְרִי בגיהinnom — aggadah in destruction context" }, "tradition_status": "aggadah", "tradition_note": "Aggadic passage on Roman destruction era; not halachic ruling or ikkar emunah.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "יֵשׁוּ", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95", "Florence 1177 (partial witnesses)" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Sanhedrin.43a" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "aggadah", "interfaith" ], "english_summary": "Aggadic story: Onkelos summons Yeshu ha-Notzri from Gehinnom. Narrative in destruction-era context, not halacha.", "english_keywords": [ "jesus", "yeshu", "hell", "gehinnom", "aggadah", "censored", "destruction" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Aggadic block naming Yeshu ha-Notzri among those punished in Gehinnom was removed from censored print.", "witness_reading": "Onkelos the convert summons Yeshu ha-Notzri from Gehinnom in an aggadic chain about Roman oppressors — homiletical narrative tied to the destruction era, not a halachic ruling.", "plain_english": "A story-world vignette: a named Yeshu the Nazarene appears in Gehinnom in a polemical aggadah about empire and punishment. It is legend in context, not law.", "sefaria_trust": "medium", "sefaria_note": "English translations may tone down polemical edges; Hebrew witness text is the check." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Gittin.57a", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "בְּמַאי דִּפְסַיק אַנַּפְשֵׁיהּ – כֹּל יוֹמָא מְכַנְּשִׁי לֵיהּ לְקִיטְמֵיהּ וְדָיְינִי לֵיהּ, וְקָלוּ לֵיהּ וּמְבַדְּרוּ [לֵיהּ] אַשַּׁב יַמֵּי. אֲזַל אַסְּקֵיהּ לְבִלְעָם בִּנְגִידָא, אֲמַר לֵיהּ: מַאן חֲשִׁיב בְּהָהוּא עָלְמָא? אֲמַר לֵי" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "sanhedrin-107b-yeshu-student", "ref": "Sanhedrin.107b", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Yeshu as student of R. Yehoshua ben Perahiah", "he": "יֵשׁוּ תalmid של ר' יהושע בן פרחיה" }, "tradition_status": "aggadah", "tradition_note": "Aggadic biography linking Yeshu to a sage; debated historicity — story, not halacha.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 1, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "יֵשׁוּ", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Sotah.47a" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "aggadah", "interfaith" ], "english_summary": "Aggadah: Yeshu as a student of R. Yehoshua ben Perahiah — biography story, debated historicity.", "english_keywords": [ "jesus", "yeshu", "student", "disciple", "aggadah", "censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Biographical aggadah placing Yeshu as a student of R. Yehoshua ben Perahiah was censored from standard print.", "witness_reading": "Story of a student (named Yeshu in uncensored witnesses) who misunderstood his teacher’s hospitality and was expelled — moralistic aggadah with debated historicity.", "plain_english": "A cautionary tale about a brilliant but misguided student; later tradition names him Yeshu. Read as narrative ethics, not biography.", "sefaria_trust": "medium", "sefaria_note": "Name and details often absent in censored editions; Sefaria may restore Hebrew but English summaries vary." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Sanhedrin.107b", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "״בְּחֶבְרוֹן מָלַךְ שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים וּבִירוּשָׁלִַים מָלַךְ שְׁלֹשִׁים וְשָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים״, וּכְתִיב: ״בְּחֶבְרוֹן מָלַךְ עַל יְהוּדָה שֶׁבַע שָׁנִים וְשִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים וְגוֹ׳״, וְהָנֵי שִׁשָּׁה חֳדָשִׁים לָא קָחָשֵׁיב. שְׁמַע מִינַּהּ נִצְ" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "sotah-47a-yeshu-student", "ref": "Sotah.47a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Parallel: Yeshu and R. Yehoshua ben Perahiah", "he": "גרסה מקבילה — יֵשׁוּ ור' יהושע בן פרחיה" }, "tradition_status": "aggadah", "tradition_note": "Parallel aggadic tradition to Sanhedrin 107b; same witness profile.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 1, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "יֵשׁוּ", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Sanhedrin.107b" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "aggadah", "interfaith" ], "english_summary": "Parallel aggadic tradition to Sanhedrin 107b — Yeshu and R. Yehoshua ben Perahiah.", "english_keywords": [ "jesus", "yeshu", "student", "parallel", "aggadah", "censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Parallel version of the student narrative — same censorship profile as Sanhedrin 107b.", "witness_reading": "Duplicate aggadic tradition; uncensored witnesses preserve the Yeshu naming.", "plain_english": "Same story-line as 107b in a parallel sugya — useful for textual witness comparison.", "sefaria_trust": "medium", "sefaria_note": "Compare both dapim; do not assume English on one replaces the other." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Sotah.47a", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "רַב וּשְׁמוּאֵל, חַד אָמַר: נֵס. וְחַד אָמַר: נֵס בְּתוֹךְ נֵס. מַאן דְּאָמַר נֵס — יַעַר הֲוָה, דּוּבִּים לָא הֲווֹ. מַאן דְּאָמַר נֵס בְּתוֹךְ נֵס — לֹא יַעַר הֲוָה וְלָא דּוּבִּים הֲווֹ. וְלִיהְוֵי דּוּבִּים וְלָא לֶיהֱוֵי יַעַר! דִּבְעִ" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "shabbat-104b-ben-stada", "ref": "Shabbat.104b", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "ben Stada / ben Pandera — sorcery narrative", "he": "בן סטada — נarrative in magic/sorcery context" }, "tradition_status": "maaseh", "tradition_note": "Reported case in sorcery sugya; linked by tradition to Sanhedrin 67a identities.", "denial": { "print_historical": 3, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 2, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "סָטָדָא", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95" ], "censored": [ "Vilna print (historical)" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Sanhedrin.67a" ], "tags": [ "christian_censorship", "historical_narrative" ], "english_summary": "Ben Stada in a sorcery narrative — linked by tradition to Sanhedrin 67a.", "english_keywords": [ "stada", "pandera", "jesus", "sorcery", "magic", "censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "ben Stada material in the sorcery context was suppressed in Vilna print.", "witness_reading": "Narrative in a magic/sorcery discussion preserving ben Stada / ben Pandera name-play tied to Sanhedrin 67a.", "plain_english": "Legal-aggadic overlap between sorcery law and the ben Stada name traditions.", "sefaria_trust": "low", "sefaria_note": "Among the easier passages to miss in English-only browsing; Hebrew restoration matters." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Shabbat.104b", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "מַתְנִי׳ הַכּוֹתֵב שְׁתֵּי אוֹתִיּוֹת בְּהֶעְלֵם אֶחָד — חַיָּיב. כָּתַב בִּדְיוֹ בְּסַם בְּסִיקְרָא בְּקוֹמוֹס וּבְקַנְקַנְתּוֹם וּבְכׇל דָּבָר שֶׁהוּא רוֹשֵׁם. עַל שְׁנֵי כּוֹתְלֵי זָוִיּוֹת וְעַל שְׁנֵי לוּחֵי פִינְקָס וְהֵן נֶהֱגִין זֶה" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "avodah-zarah-2a-goyim-euphemism", "ref": "Avodah Zarah.2a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "rashi", "topic": { "en": "גוים restored where Vilna Rashi read עובדי כוכבים", "he": "החזרת גוים במקום עובדי כוכבים — רש\"י פתיחת מסכת" }, "tradition_status": "machloket", "tradition_note": "Opening mishnah on commerce before gentile festivals — legal argument; dispute here is censored *language*, not the halacha itself.", "denial": { "print_historical": 2, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 1, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "גוים", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95", "Bomberg Venice" ], "censored": [ "Vilna Rashi/Tosafot (Wikisource base)" ] }, "sources": [ { "label": "Waxman — Uncensored Printings for Avodah Zarah", "url": "https://scribalerror.substack.com/p/uncensored-printings-for-avodah-zarah" } ], "related_refs": [], "tags": [ "language_censorship", "commentary_layer" ], "english_summary": "Rashi restored to read gentiles (goyim) where Vilna print had the censored phrase idol-worshippers.", "english_keywords": [ "gentile", "gentiles", "goyim", "censorship", "rashi", "euphemism", "avodah zarah" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Vilna Rashi routinely reads עובדי כוכבים (idol-worshippers) where earlier witnesses have גוים (gentiles/nations).", "witness_reading": "Munich/Bomberg Rashi on the opening mishnah uses גוים — the direct word Rashi wrote before Christian censorship.", "plain_english": "Not a change in halacha but in vocabulary: ‘gentiles’ was replaced by the safer phrase ‘idol-worshippers’ in print. The legal sugya is about commerce before pagan festivals.", "sefaria_trust": "low", "sefaria_note": "Sefaria English often follows Vilna Rashi wording — you may read ‘idol-worshippers’ where witnesses say ‘gentiles’." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Avodah Zarah.2a", "layer": "rashi", "snippet": "מתני' לפני אידיהן של גוים ג' ימים אסור לשאת ולתת עמהן - וכולהו משום דאזיל ומודה לעבודת כוכבים ביום אידו: שאלה במידי דהדר בעין כגון בהמה וכלים דכתיב (שמות כ״ב:י״ג) כי ישאל איש מעם רעהו וגו'. מלוה במידי דלא הדר בעין כגון מעות דכתיב (שם) אם כס" }, "suppression_index": 2, "available_now": true }, { "id": "berakhot-12a-akum-rashi", "ref": "Berakhot.12a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "rashi", "topic": { "en": "עכו\"ם acronym in Rashi (should read גוים/מין)", "he": "עכו\"ם בRashi — נfolem censor acronym" }, "tradition_status": "machloket", "tradition_note": "Rashi on Shema / minim — legal-exegetical point; עכו\"ם is post-censor acronym, not original Rashi vocabulary.", "denial": { "print_historical": 2, "commentary_residue": 3, "modern_digital": 2, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "עכו\"ם", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Early manuscript Rashi where extant" ], "censored": [ "Vilna Edition Rashi" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [], "tags": [ "language_censorship", "commentary_layer", "akum_acronym" ], "english_summary": "Rashi uses the censor acronym akum where manuscripts read goyim or minim — language censorship in commentary.", "english_keywords": [ "akum", "censorship", "rashi", "gentile", "commentary", "minim" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Vilna Rashi uses עכו\"ם (akum — censor acronym for ‘idol-worshippers’) instead of גוים or מין (sectarians) in Shema commentary.", "witness_reading": "Earlier Rashi witnesses read goyim or minim where Vilna has the opaque acronym עכו\"ם.", "plain_english": "A censorship swap in commentary only: an invented acronym hides who Rashi was talking about in a legal reading of Shema.", "sefaria_trust": "low", "sefaria_note": "English will often say ‘idolaters’ or transliterate akum — it will not flag that Rashi’s word was different." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Berakhot.12a", "layer": "rashi", "snippet": "אלא אי אמרת – הך ברכה דקאמרי אהבה רבה היכי ש\"מ דאין מעכבות זו את זו דלמא האי דלא אמרי יוצר אור משום דלא מטא זמניה הוא וכי מטא זמניה אמרי לה ואע\"ג דקרו אינהו ק\"ש לא מטא זמניה כדאמרינן בעלמא (יומא לז:) הקורא את שמע עם אנשי משמר לא יצא שאנשי מ" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": true }, { "id": "bava-metzia-59b-oven-of-achnai", "ref": "Bava Metzia.59b", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Oven of Akhnai — bat kol vs human majority", "he": "תנור של עכnai — בat kol מול רב majority" }, "tradition_status": "machloket", "tradition_note": "Famous meta-dispute: halacha is not in heaven. Not censored — included as contrast (argument in text, not suppression).", "denial": { "print_historical": 0, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 0, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "עַכְנַאי", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "All standard witnesses" ], "censored": [] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [], "tags": [ "internal_machloket", "meta_halacha" ], "english_summary": "Oven of Akhnai — famous dispute: law is not in heaven; human majority over bat kol. Not censored; shows argument on the record.", "english_keywords": [ "dispute", "heaven", "bat kol", "argument", "achnai", "oven", "not censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "No meaningful censorship — standard Vilna text matches witnesses.", "witness_reading": "Same as Vilna: Oven of Akhnai; Rabbi Eliezer vs sages; bat kol rejected — ‘It is not in heaven.’", "plain_english": "Famous dispute: human rabbinic majority outweighs a heavenly voice. Included as a baseline: rich argument preserved everywhere, not a suppression locus.", "sefaria_trust": "high", "sefaria_note": "Sefaria English is a reliable reading aid here." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Bava Metzia.59b", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "וְזֶה הוּא תַּנּוּר שֶׁל עַכְנַאי. מַאי עַכְנַאי? אָמַר רַב יְהוּדָה אָמַר שְׁמוּאֵל: שֶׁהִקִּיפוּ[הוּ] דְּבָרִים כְּעַכְנָא זוֹ, וְטִמְּאוּהוּ. תָּנָא: בְּאוֹתוֹ הַיּוֹם הֵשִׁיב רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר כׇּל תְּשׁוּבוֹת שֶׁבָּעוֹלָם, וְלֹא קִיבְּ" }, "suppression_index": 0, "available_now": true }, { "id": "eruvin-13b-rabbi-meir", "ref": "Eruvin.13b", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Why halacha does not follow Rabbi Meir — dispute on record", "he": "מחלוקת על הלכה כר' מאיר" }, "tradition_status": "machloket", "tradition_note": "Meta-dispute about following a sage whose full reasoning peers could not grasp. Not censored — shows argument in the text without suppression.", "denial": { "print_historical": 0, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 0, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "רַבִּי מֵאִיר", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "All standard witnesses" ], "censored": [] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [], "tags": [ "internal_machloket", "meta_halacha" ], "english_summary": "Why halacha does not follow Rabbi Meir — meta-dispute about a sage peers could not fully follow. Not censored.", "english_keywords": [ "dispute", "rabbi meir", "argument", "machloket", "not censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "No censorship — dispute about why halacha does not follow Rabbi Meir is on the record in all prints.", "witness_reading": "Same: peers could not fully grasp Rabbi Meir’s reasoning; meta-machloket on authority.", "plain_english": "Argument about limits of following a genius sage — preserved openly, not suppressed.", "sefaria_trust": "high", "sefaria_note": "Safe to use Sefaria English for overview." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Eruvin.13b", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "וְנִמְלַךְ וּמְצָאוֹ בֶּן עִירוֹ וְאָמַר: שִׁמְךָ כִּשְׁמִי וְשֵׁם אִשְׁתְּךָ כְּשֵׁם אִשְׁתִּי — פָּסוּל לְגָרֵשׁ בּוֹ! הָכִי הַשְׁתָּא? הָתָם ״וְכָתַב לָהּ״ כְּתִיב — בָּעִינַן כְּתִיבָה לִשְׁמָהּ, הָכָא ״וְעָשָׂה לָהּ״ כְּתִיב — בָּעִינַ" }, "suppression_index": 0, "available_now": true }, { "id": "sanhedrin-37a-adam-single", "ref": "Sanhedrin.37a", "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "gemara", "topic": { "en": "Adam created single — universal human dignity teaching", "he": "לפיכך נברא אדם יחידי — כבוד הבריות" }, "tradition_status": "aggadah", "tradition_note": "Often cited in interfaith ethics; present everywhere — baseline row (not censored).", "denial": { "print_historical": 0, "commentary_residue": 0, "modern_digital": 0, "in_build": 0 }, "needle": "לְפִיכָךְ נִבְרָא אָדָם יְחִידִי", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "All standard witnesses" ], "censored": [] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [], "tags": [ "interfaith", "baseline" ], "english_summary": "Adam created alone — teaching on universal human dignity. Widely present; not a censorship locus.", "english_keywords": [ "dignity", "humanity", "adam", "equality", "interfaith", "not censored" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Universal dignity teaching (‘Adam was created alone…’) appears in all standard editions.", "witness_reading": "Identical witness stream — teaching on human equality and murder accountability.", "plain_english": "Because God created one Adam, no person may say ‘my lineage is greater than yours’ — classic aggadah, uncensored.", "sefaria_trust": "high", "sefaria_note": "English translations align well; included as non-censorship contrast." }, "verified": { "present": true, "ref": "Sanhedrin.37a", "layer": "gemara", "snippet": "וְשָׁלֹשׁ שׁוּרוֹת שֶׁל תַּלְמִידֵי חֲכָמִים יוֹשְׁבִין לִפְנֵיהֶן, כׇּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מַכִּיר אֶת מְקוֹמוֹ. הוּצְרְכוּ לִסְמוֹךְ – סוֹמְכִין מִן הָרִאשׁוֹנָה. אֶחָד מִן הַשְּׁנִיָּה בָּא לוֹ לָרִאשׁוֹנָה, אֶחָד מִן הַשְּׁלִישִׁית בָּא לוֹ " }, "suppression_index": 0, "available_now": true }, { "id": "global-akum-commentary", "ref": null, "corpus": "bavli", "layer": "rashi", "topic": { "en": "Corpus-wide: עכו\"ם in Rashi/Tosafot (~100 loci)", "he": "עכו\"ם בפרsh commentary — ~100 מקומות" }, "tradition_status": "machloket", "tradition_note": "Pattern row — not one daf. Censor acronym replacing גוים across commentary; see censorship_audit.json.", "denial": { "print_historical": 2, "commentary_residue": 3, "modern_digital": 2, "in_build": 3 }, "needle": "עכו\"ם", "witnesses": { "uncensored": [ "Munich 95 (gemara often)", "Bomberg (select)" ], "censored": [ "Vilna Rashi/Tosafot export base" ] }, "sources": [], "related_refs": [ "Berakhot.12a" ], "audit_ref": "data/reports/censorship_audit.json", "tags": [ "language_censorship", "commentary_layer", "akum_acronym", "pattern" ], "english_summary": "Corpus-wide pattern: akum acronym in Rashi/Tosafot (~100 places) replacing goyim — see censorship audit.", "english_keywords": [ "akum", "censorship", "commentary", "gentile", "pattern", "goyim" ], "witness_delta": { "vilna_standard": "Roughly ~100 places in Rashi/Tosafot where Vilna has עכו\"ם instead of גוים or related direct terms.", "witness_reading": "Pattern across commentary layers: censor acronym replaces plain ‘gentiles’ in manuscript Rashi/Tosafot.", "plain_english": "100 indexed commentary rows now have English witness notes — open the Audit list (audit.html) to browse every hit by tractate and daf, or open any flagged daf for inline notes.", "sefaria_trust": "low", "sefaria_note": "Default Sefaria commentary export reflects Vilna; use audit.html + per-daf notes here instead of trusting English commentary alone." }, "verified": { "skipped": true, "reason": "pattern or aggregate row" }, "suppression_index": 3, "available_now": false } ], "verified_count": 11 }